First aid to overcome the bee stings

Bee stings can make you pain. Parts of the body that stung by bee it feels hot, painful can even swollen. People who are allergic to bee stings should carry an epinephrine injection with them in case of a sting. Even if the person does not know that they are allergic to bee or wasp venom they should be monitored carefully for signs of anaphylaxis so that they can be cared for quickly. Careful monitoring and quick action are essential in caring for a bee sting victim.

There are several things that people can do to lower the risk of being stung. Make sure that when you are outdoors in areas where there are likely to be any bees or wasps that you wear light colored clothing that covers as much of your body as possible. Also make sure you avoid any strong smelling perfumes or shampoos which can attract bees. Also keep any outdoor areas clean and be sure to check for nests in any immediate areas. 

In order to the pain from the sting subsides soon, follow this way:

1. Compress with ice cubes

The cold produced from ice cubes will make the sting did not swell. Therefore, if you are stung by a bee, immediately paste an ice cube on the bite marks for ten minutes.

2. Baking soda

Pour baking soda in a small cup, add a few drops of water and stir until it becomes a pasta. Apply the paste on parts of the body that stung by bees to help stop the irritation, itching and relieving pain.

3. Brown sugar

Combine brown sugar, grated ginger, vinegar and warm water. Use the mixture to treat wounds caused by bee stings. Do it three times a day and see his usefulness.

Soon overcome a bee sting on your body in order not to cause other side effects.

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First aid on the alcohol overdose

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Ethanol is toxic active ingredients contained in all alcoholic drinks. Ethanol can weaken and suppress activity of the central nervous system (brain and the spinal cord) that functions to control psychomotor skills such as coordination and reaction of body movement.

Another reaction is disturbing activities of members of the body such as speaking, reduced hearing and eye movements. Alcohol can also reduce the level of awareness and self-control behavior.

Consuming alcohol will raises feeling of pleasure which pseudo. Alcohol can react such as stimulant or stimulant the body, but actually alcohol is the cause of depression (depressant).

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from her book 'First Aid, true ways first aid and Handling of Emergency', alcohol overdose symptoms such as decreased coordination, raved talk, breathing is not normal, tend not aware, red eyes and there is the possibility of coma.

If you find any of these symptoms, immediately do the things following:

1. If the victim was asleep with a pulse and breathing that normal, wake with the way wiggle the body or calling him. For cases such as this, the victim did not require emergency handling.

2. Place the victim in a safe place in order not to injure themselves while continuing to monitored of his situation.

3. If the victim is unconscious or can not be awakened and his breathing looks do not normal or victim in a coma, maintain in order to the lane of his breathing keep smoothly.

4. Immediately bring the victim to the hospital.

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First Aid on Asthma Sufferers

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Asthma occurs due to inflammation of the airways due to too responsive to a stimulus. As a result, the airways become narrow and exacerbated with mucus spending. Sufferers will find it difficult to breathe, especially when exhaling.

Asthma can be caused by allergies and psychological pressure. The signs are visible difficulty breathing with periods of long exhale. Sometimes accompanied by wheezing sounds, when you exhale, anxious, pale facial skin and turn blue, well as if left unchecked can cause fainting.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book entitled 'First Aid, How to properly on first aid and Emergency handling', asthma requires handling soon because it can be dangerous.

The steps that can be done among others:

1. Calm the sufferers

2. Help sufferers to sit down and rest

3. Help sufferers get or find a drug

4. Let the sufferers using the drug her inhaler own

5. Much as possible avoid on sufferers from sources of allergy

6. If it is the first attack or visible prolonged, immediately bring to medical services

7. If unconscious, immediately bring to the medical service

8. Do not force the sufferer to sleep on her back, because sufferer more comfortably in conditions sit.

9. Do not ask many questions in sufferer, because usually it is difficult to speak.

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First Aid When Children Experience injury

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In infancy, children are usually very active moving and playing, which can often lead to injuries in both the muscles and joints. Injuries to children varies, depending on the cause and place.

If the child is injured, do first aid as follows:

1. If the injury is a muscle, use a patch or hot compresses well. But it should also be seen whether or not there is an open wound.

2. When a joint is injured, cold compresses with ice cubes.

3. Do not sorted. Swelling can cause additional risk.

4. If after 6 hours of compressed injury is not reduced, consult a doctor immediately.

(various source)

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First Aid on Heatstroke

Heatstroke is the most severe of heat-related problems, after heat cramps and heat exhaustion. Heatstroke often results from exercise or heavy work in hot environments combined with inadequate fluid intake.

Young children, older adults, people who are obese and people born with an impaired ability to sweat are at high risk of heatstroke. Other risk factors include dehydration, alcohol use, cardiovascular disease and certain medications.

What makes heatstroke severe and potentially life-threatening is that the body's normal mechanisms for dealing with heat stress, such as sweating and temperature control, become inadequate. The main sign of heatstroke is a markedly elevated body temperature — generally greater than 104 F (40 C) — with changes in mental status ranging from personality changes to confusion and coma. Skin may be hot and dry — although if heatstroke is caused by exertion, the skin may be moist.

Other signs and symptoms may include:

-  Rapid heartbeat

-  Rapid and shallow breathing

-  Elevated or lowered blood pressure
-  Cessation of sweating
-  Irritability, confusion or unconsciousness
-  Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
-  Headache
-  Nausea
-  Fainting, which may be the first sign in older adults

If you suspect heatstroke:

-  Move the person out of the sun and into a shady or air-conditioned space.
-  Call 911 or emergency medical help.
-  Cool the person by covering with damp sheets or by spraying with cool water. Direct air onto the person with a fan or newspaper.
-  Have the person drink cool water or other nonalcoholic beverage without caffeine, if he or she is able.


Source:  mayoclinic

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First Aid on Black eye

The so-called black eye is caused by bleeding beneath the skin around the eye. Sometimes a black eye indicates a more extensive injury, even a skull fracture, particularly if the area around both eyes is bruised (raccoon eyes) or if there has been a head injury.

Although most black eye injuries aren't serious, sometimes there is an accompanying injury to the eyeball itself sufficient to cause bleeding inside the eye. Bleeding in the front part of the eye, called hyphema, is serious and can reduce vision and damage the cornea — the clear, protective "window" at the front of the eye.

In some cases, abnormally high pressure inside the eyeball (glaucoma) also can result. For this reason, it's advisable to have an eye specialist examine your eyeball if there has been enough of an injury to cause a black eye.

To take care of a black eye:

-  Using gentle pressure, apply a cold pack or a cloth filled with ice to the area around the eye. Take care not to press on the eye itself. Apply cold as soon as possible after the injury to reduce swelling, and continue using ice or cold packs for 24 to 48 hours.

-  Look for evidence of blood within the white and colored parts of the eye. If blood can be seen in either of these sites, seek urgent care by an eye specialist (ophthalmologist).

-  Seek medical care immediately if you experience vision problems (double vision, blurring), severe pain, or bleeding in the eye or from the nose.

Source:  mayoclinic

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First Aid on Diarrhea

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Diarrhea is a disorder in which feces or feces turns into soft or liquid at least 3 times in 24 hours. There are many things that can cause diarrhea, such as food poisoning, eating certain foods, the wrong medication, stress, alcohol, bacterial infections and others.

If the patient can drink, the body fluids are lost can be replaced. But if the patient does not want to drink and frequent vomiting, the body fluid will quickly disappear and there symptoms of dehydration.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', prolonged diarrhea can be fatal, especially if the baby suffered.

To handle diarrhea, do first aid as follows:

1. Give plenty of drinking water to replace the fluids and chemicals lost body. Drink fluids every 2 hours by about 2 ounces or 60 mL.

2. If the diarrhea lasts longer, say 1 -2 days and reduced the number and frequency of urination, immediately take the patient to the hospital due to possible dehydration.

3. Avoid solid foods.

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First Aid on Alcohol Overdose

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Ethanol is toxic active ingredients contained in all alcoholic beverages. Ethanol can weaken and suppress the activity of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which controls the psychomotor skills such as coordination and reaction gestures.

Another reaction is disturbing activities such as speaking limbs, reduced hearing and eye movements. Alcohol can also reduce the level of awareness and self-control behavior.

Consuming alcohol will lead to a false sense of excitement. Alcohol may act like a stimulant or stimulant body, but in fact alcohol is the cause of depression (depressant).

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', alcohol overdose symptoms such as reduced coordination, slurred speech, abnormal breathing, tend not aware, there is the possibility of red eyes and coma.

If you encounter any of these symptoms, immediately do the following:

1. If the victim was asleep with the pulse and respiration were normal, wake up with a way to shake the body or calling. For such cases, the victim did not require emergency treatment.

2. Place the victim in a safe place so as not to injure themselves while continuing to monitor the situation.

3. If the victim is unconscious or can not be awakened and pernapasnnya looks abnormal or victim in a coma, keep breathing, keep track smoothly.

4. Immediately take the victim to the hospital.

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First Aid on Women Miscarriage

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The event was the release of fetal miscarriage in pregnant women prior to abortion up to 20 weeks. Data indicate that pregnant women miscarriage can reach 20% of pregnancies.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', the signs of miscarriage was feeling cramps in the lower abdomen and bleeding followed. 

Although sometimes cramping and bleeding has not occurred, if there are signs of suspicious about her pregnancy, then take him to the doctor to confirm pregnancy status.

If you feel any signs of miscarriage, do the following:

- Stop all activity.

- Perform relaxation. Set a breath and calm your mind

- Lying in bed

- If there is something out of the vagina, store them in a special container to be checked by a doctor

- If bleeding occurs and continues, take him to the emergency room

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First Aid If Baby Fainting

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Babies who are unconscious or fainting obviously panicked. Parents or anyone close to him to provide first aid CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

Bones baby is still very vulnerable and need special tricks to be able to help him breathe again without hurt him or unconscious.

When seeing the baby unconscious, there are steps that can be performed first aid, namely:



1. Security and health checks (Danger)

Make sure the parents put the baby in a flat and do not in bed. Then note that the area is safe from danger the surrounding.

2. Check response from the child (Response)

To find out if the baby is still conscious or not, can be rubbed the palm of his hands and feet. If the baby is still unconscious, then the baby will automatically respond. An active baby move both limbs are.

3. Open lines of breathing (Airway)

To help open the lines of breathing the baby, simply by pulling on the baby's forehead slightly backwards without the need to pull the chin.

4. Give artificial breathing (Breath)

In infants, resuscitated given simply by blowing it twice and did not need to cover the baby's nose. Parents simply close the baby's mouth and nose with his mouth at the same time, because the distance between the mouth and nose when the baby is still close.

5. Give pressure (compressions)

In providing enough pressure to use two fingers and one finger is positioned below the nipple line. Pressure exerted quite one-third of the depth of the chest and carried 30 times.

Apply 2 breaths and 30 times the pressure (2:30) over and over as much as 5 sets or for 2 minutes. After that, check to be sure your baby can breathe again or not by checking the breathing path.

If it is normal breathing, place in recovery position, which is carrying a baby with a straight horizontal or inclined position on a flat.

Although the baby was breathing normally again with the help of CPR, parents should still take him to the hospital for further examination.

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First Aid If Body Less Oxygen When Up Mount

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Being in height with a little oxygen can lead to hypoxic conditions, ie when the body lacks oxygen supply. The mountaineers have to recognize the signs, and how to cope if you have these conditions, the blurred vision, faster breathing or wheezing, as well as the body becomes weak.

Apart from the physical symptoms, hypoxic conditions can also be identified from changes in behavior. Under conditions of hypoxia, the brain will also be deprived of oxygen so that the mindset of a climber turned into a chaotic and difficult to make the right decision.

First aid when faced with this condition include:

1. Give oxygen. Small oxygen tube that can be carried anywhere very easily available in pharmacy at affordable prices, so there is no harm in the climbers equipped with this tool.

2. Loosen clothing so that breathing becomes more fluent. Open collar and removable belt so that the airways are not claustrophobic.

3. Take it to a lower location as soon as possible so he gets more oxygen from the air breathing. The longer is in hypoxic conditions, the greater the risk of organ damage because there was no oxygen supply.

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First Aid On Small Burns

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The purpose of first aid in burns is to reduce pain, prevent infection, and overcome the shock events that may be experienced by the victim. 

The trick is to lower the ambient temperature so as to prevent a burn injury to the underlying tissues grown worse.

Based on the severity, there are three levels of burns. I degree burns are of minor burns to the level of tissue damage only in the outer layer of skin. 

An example is the skin exposed to the sun or direct contact with hot objects like water boiling. Such burns are usually not accompanied kelepuhan the skin.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', the symptoms of this form of of minor burns on the skin redness burning, mild swelling, skin pain but none were torn apart because of a blister.

When experiencing or saw burns victims stage I, first aid to do is:

1. Flush the wound with running water burning or compress with cold water. Do it until the pain disappears.

2. Close the burn with a sterile gauze to prevent infection.

3. Do not let the butter or oil on burns.

4. Do not give other medications or herbs without the doctor's approval.

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First Aid On Medium Burns

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Injuries caused by exposure to flames or hot objects can be very painful. Affected skin may blister burn even when exposed to high temperatures. 

The cells that come into contact with the heat will die. Therefore, burns should receive treatment quickly.

Moderate burns or second degree burns are burns that cause damage to the lining under the skin. Examples are excessive sunburn, heat fluid and sparks from gasoline or other materials.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', the symptoms of this second degree burns to the skin such as redness, blistering, swelling that does not go away for a few days and the skin looks damp or muddy.

In the event of such burns, immediately do the following:

1. Pour cold water or water ice on the injured area or give a compress using a washcloth. Can also use a handkerchief previously dipped in water.

2. Dry the wound use of clean towel or other soft material.

3. Cover with a sterile bandage to prevent infection.

4. Lift the injured arm or leg higher than juantung organ.

5. Seek medical attention if the victim suffered burns around the lips or difficulty breathing.

6. Do not attempt to deflate the blister wounds or applying oils, sprays or other remedies without a doctor's knowledge.

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First Aid On Severe Burns

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Catastrophic event risk of fire or explosion causing severe burns and fatal. Before bringing the victim to the hospital, there are some things you can do to minimize body damage that occurs.

Severe burns or third degree burns are burns destroy all layers of the skin. Contact too long with the heat source and burns due to electric shock is the leading cause third degree burns.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', symptomatic third-degree burns in the form of the injured area looks white, the skin broken and slightly painful because the nerve endings have been damaged.

Some of what you can do if this is the case see:

1. If the victim is still in a state of burning, extinguish the fire using blankets, bed covers, rugs, jackets or other materials. Do not remove clothing attached to the wound.

2. Sometimes victims have difficulty breathing, especially when there are injuries to the neck, face and around the mouth, it could be due to smoke inhalation. Check to make sure the victim can breathe.

3. Attach a damp cloth or cold water to reduce the temperature on the injured area. Do not use ice water to the wound on her face, hands and feet because it can cause shock.

4. Close the burn with a sterile gauze and a thick, clean linen, pillowcases, nappy cleaner or other materials that can be found. But do not use combustible material such as cotton or cotton fall. Do not apply oil or other ingredients in the wound.

5. Immediately call an ambulance. Victims should receive medical attention immediately.

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First Aid If Bitten Animal of Rabies

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Rabies has become epidemic in some parts of Indonesia such as Bali, Maluku and West Kalimantan. Rabies can be contracted from the bite of a dog, cat or monkey.

If anyone gets a bite from a suspected rabid animal, there are some actions to be taken are:

1. Immediately wash the wound with running water using soap or detergent.

2. Immediately brought to the health center or centers for rabies anti-rabies vaccine (VAR).

3. Continue to continue treatment with the examination.

4. Because the long incubation period of rabies, it took 2 weeks to see the results of vaccine injections are no symptoms of rabies.

5. If positive, it must again be repeated vaccine administration for 4 stages (starting at zero again, on day 7, day 14 and were given a booster vaccine at day-60).

6. It would be better if coupled with the provision of anti-rabies serum (SAR).

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First Aid On The Victim Fainted

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Fainting is a state of unconsciousness caused by reduced blood supply to the brain. Recovery from fainted can be done after a few minutes. 

Before fainted, most victims experience symptoms of pale skin, cold and clammy, dizzy eyes and dizziness.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', collapse can be prevented by the victim lay down and lift the leg as high as 15-25 cm. It could also seated with his head touching knees bent.

However, if the fainted has occurred, it can be done the following:

1. Lay the victim, lift the leg as high as 15-25 cm although there is a possibility his head hurt.

2. Open the breathing, perform artificial inhalation if necessary.

3. Open the clothes, especially around the neck of the victim.

4. If the victim vomits, tilt or turn his head to prevent choking.

5. Slowly, wiping her face with cold water and do not pour into the victim's face.

6. Check back throughout the body to see if there is swelling or deformation caused by a fall.

7. Do not be drinking even though the victim is recovered.

8. If help does not work in a few minutes, take the victim to a doctor or a paramedic.

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First Aid For Victims Electric Shock

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High voltage power could be dangerous and fatal if the body. When I first saw people who were electrocuted, should be calm but wary. 

Do not touch the victim when the power is still on because the risk of shock was also

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', there are some things you can do to minimize the risk of harm to the victim an electric shock.

The things that can be done to see if the victim was electrocuted, among others:

1. If possible, turn off the power source or dispatch someone else to turn it off.

2. It is important to move the victim with care. Wear pad dry as paper, cardboard, blankets, rubber mat or dry clothes.

3. Do not use materials from iron and wet materials. Do not touch the victim until he is free of the sting.

4. If victim is not breathing, open airways and do CPR, how that is:



 - Make sure the victim is placed on a flat surface. Clean the mouth and airway of vomit or fluids.

 - Gaze upward the victim's head by placing your palms on the forehead and the other fingers pushing up the chin victims.

 - Victim nose pinch using the thumb, then take a deep breath. Put your mouth on the victim's mouth open, inflatable quickly 2 times.

 - Stop blowing when the victim's chest is expanded. Remove the mouth of the victim's mouth, then hold your ear to hear the victim's nose breath.

 - Note the victim's chest, is there any movement up and down the sign he was breathing.

 - Repeat this procedure breaths until the victim can actually breathe on their own.

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First Aid for Heart Attack

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A heart attack is still a frightening disease. Many people thought it would be difficult to survive if a heart attack due to the handling of the seconds are so valuable. 

There are several things that can be used to provide first aid to people who had a heart attack.

If someone is experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, it can do the following:

1. Sit or lie down. Stop all activity and do not do a lot of movement. Many moves can exacerbate damage to the body caused by heart attack.

2. Phone emergency number for help. Immediately contact the nearest hospital or ask someone else to call the ambulance. Do not waste time to get the phone's personal physician, friend or other family members.

3. If your doctor has given nitroglycerin tablets, immediately taking the drug. The drug can be taken every 5 minutes once a tablet until the pain is gone. Do not consume if not given nitroglycerin tablets doctor.

4. Chewing aspirin origin does not have allergies. Aspirin will inhibit blood clotting and helps keep blood flowing to the artery. Chewing aspirin during a heart attack can reduce the risk of death by 25 percent.

5. Know the signs of heart attack and always take drugs iberikan doctor. Rapid relief can prevent serious damage to the heart and allows the patient to survive.

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First Aid on a Broken Bone

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Fractures commonly referred to as fractures and classified into 2 types, namely closed fractures and open fractures. In a closed fracture, the fracture did not get out through the skin. 

While in open fractures, some or all of the broken bone visible through the skin. This case can be dangerous because the victim is likely to lose a lot of blood and prone to infection.

Do not move the victim unless there is a medical staff of experienced, especially if the wound is the head, neck or spine. If you have moved, make sure the wound does not shift or move because of the removal process. For example, tie the legs are injured with uninjured leg, then moved.

According to Stanley M. Zildo as quoted from his book 'First Aid, How to Properly Handling First Aid and Emergency', the symptoms of fracture include:
- Victims feel or hear a bone fracture
- The wound was painful, especially when touched or moved
- It's hard to move the injured part
- Movement of the injured body part not normal or usual
- Visible swelling
- There is a sense of uneasy sensation at the tip of the body injured
- There seems to change shape
 The size or length of the bone is different from other body pair
- The injured body looks blue

If meet the above symptoms, emergency treatment to do is:

1. Open the airway, perform artificial breathing if necessary
2. Stop the bleeding in case of open fractures. Scissors clothing of the victim before making aid.
3. If victim is unconscious, thought he had a wound in the head, neck or spine.
4. Do not try to restore the bone that looks out.
5. Do not clean the wound or bone paste something on purpose to help injured though.
6. Cover the wound gently with a sterile cloth or bandage to stop the bleeding.
7. Close the wound as a whole, including bones protruding.
8. Contact paramedics or an ambulance, do not pick up the wounded in the head, neck or spine without the use of a stretcher. Keep your head straight to the body.
9. If medical help is yet to come while the victim had to be taken to the hospital, use the splint above and below the wound before they moved.
10. Do not give food or drink to the victim.

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