Trandolapril, Medicine for Overcoming hypertension

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Description

Trandolapril, included in the group of medications called ACE inhibitors are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). how it works is making blood vessels relax, so that allowing blood vessels dilate. Lowering high blood pressure can helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems.

Indication

Trandolapril is used to treat hypertension, in addition to the drug can also be used with other drugs to treat congestive heart failure. This drug can also be used to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes.

Dose

Drinking this medication once or twice daily, or as directed by a doctor. You can take this medicine with or without food.

Trandolapril dose is based on medical condition and response to therapy. For the treatment of high blood pressure, it may take 1 week before the its benefits seen or several weeks up to months when used for congestive heart failure.

It is important to continue taking this medication even if you already feeling better, because most people with high blood pressure do not feel sick.

Source:  WebMD

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Hydrochlorothiazide, Drugs to Overcome High Blood Pressure

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Description

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Pill hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that causes the body to produce more urine to get rid of excess salt and water.

This drug may also reduce extra fluid in the body that caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in the ankles or legs.

Indication

Drugs to treat high blood pressure.

Dose

Drink this medication once daily in the morning with or without food. Do not drink this medication 4 hours before bedtime to prevent having to get up to urinate. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Avoid drink medications Cholestyramine and colestipol along with hydrochlorothiazide because it can reduce absorption. If you are taking any of these drugs, drink at least 4 hours before or after drink hydrochlorothiazide. Tell your doctor if the condition does not get better or if it worsens.

Source:  WebMD

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Maprotiline, one of the Antidepressants can Prevent Suicide

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Description

Maprotiline belong to the group of medicines called tetracyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural compounds (neurotrasmitter) in the brain.

Tablet form of the drug can only be obtained by prescription.

Indication

- Relieves various types of depression, including mental disorders related to anxiety.

- Treating chronic neurogenic pain (certain types of pain that occurs on an ongoing basis).

- Prevent the act or attempted suicide.

Dose

- Depression

Adult: initial dose of 25 milligrams taken 1-3 times a day and then the dose is adjusted to the patient's condition. But the dose is not more than 150 milligrams per day.

Source:  MayoClinic, WebMD

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Tolvaptan, Medicine for Overcome Lack of Sodium

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Description

This medicine used to treat the lack of salt (sodium) in the blood, which is the result of conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and certain hormonal imbalances. Tolvaptan works by increasing the production of urine to get rid of extra water. It slowly may help increase levels of salt (sodium) in the blood to normal levels.

Indication

Tolvaptan used to overcome the lack of sodium.

Dose

Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually once daily or as directed by a physician. To prevent the loss of too much body fluid (dehydration), provide water for drinking any time soon after taking tolvaptan. Drink when you are thirsty or as directed by a physician.

Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using this medication unless your doctor instructs otherwise. Grapefruit can increase the amount of drug in the bloodstream. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Do not stop taking the drug abruptly and tell your doctor if you stop taking this medication for any reason.

Source:  WebMD

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Buerger's Disease, The Skin Network Damage Because Disruption Blood Flow

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Description

Buerger's disease is a rare disease that attacks the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. Buerger disease causes blood vessels to become inflamed, swollen and clogged by a blood clot (thrombus). This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene.

Buerger's disease usually first occur on the hands, feet, and can ultimately affect a larger area. The disease is more common in Middle Eastern countries and affects people younger than 40 years. The condition is more common in women.

Cause

Unclear what triggers Buerger disease. It is possible that some people may have a genetic predisposition for the disease. This condition is characterized by inflammation in the arteries and veins in the arms and legs.

The cells that cause inflammation and swelling has formed in the blood vessels of the hands and feet and blocking blood flow to parts of the body. The reduced blood flow causes the skin tissue in the hands and feet are not getting enough nutrients and oxygen, causing pain and weakness in the affected limb.

Symptom

Buerger disease symptoms include:

1. Pain in the legs, arms or hands that may come and go.
2. Inflammation along the veins just beneath the skin's surface
3. Fingers and toes turn pale when exposed to cold
4. Painful sores on the fingers and toes.

Treatment

Although there is no treatment that can cure Buerger's disease, the most effective way to stop the progression of the disease is to stop using all tobacco products. Even a few cigarettes a day can worsen the disease.

Other treatments include:

1. Medication to dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow or blood clots
2. Intermittent compression of the arms and legs to increase blood flow to the extremities
3. Spinal cord stimulation
4. Surgery to cut the nerves to the affected area to control pain and improve blood flow, although this procedure is controversial
5. Drugs to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis therapeutic)
6. Amputation, if infection or gangrene

Source:  MayoClinic

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Fentanyl, Relieve Painful During and After Undergoing Surgery

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Description

Fentanyl belongs to a group of medicines called Narcotic analgesics (pain medications). This drug works on the central nervous system or the brain to relieve pain. Some side effects are also caused by actions in the central nervous system such as drowsiness and dizziness.

Drug-shaped solutions used for these injections can only be administered by a physician and / or under the supervision of a physician.

Indication

- Relieves severe pain felt by the patient during and after surgery.
- Combined with other drugs and administered before or during surgery to help the performance of anesthesia or drugs

Source:  MayoClinic

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Vasovagal Syncope, Disease that makes a person easy to fainting

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Description

Vasovagal syncope is the most common condition that causes fainting. Vasovagal syncope occurs when your body overreacts to triggers fainting like the sight of blood or extreme emotional disturbance. Once triggered, there will be a sudden impairment of consciousness in heart rate and blood pressure, which reduces blood flow to the brain.

Vasovagal syncope is usually harmless and requires no treatment. However, the doctor may recommend tests to rule out more serious causes of fainting, such as heart problems.

Cause

Vasovagal syncope occurs when part of the nervous system that regulates heart rate and blood pressure malfunctions in response to a trigger, such as the sight of blood. The heart rate slows, and the blood vessels in the legs dilate.

This allows blood to pool in the legs and lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure and slowing heart rate quickly can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause fainting.

Although Vasovagal syncope can occur at any age, it is recognized as a cause of fainting is common in older people.

Vasovagal syncope Common triggers include:

1. Standing for long periods of time

2. exposure to heat

3. Seeing blood

4. Conditions after blood donation

5. Fear of injury

6. tense

Symptom

Before fainting because Vasovagal syncope, you may experience some of the following:

1. pale skin

2. Vision dizzy

3. nausea

4. I feel warmer

5. Cold sweat or sweating

Treatment

Vasovagal syncope in most cases do not require treatment. Your doctor can help identify triggers fainting and discuss ways to avoid it. However, if you are quite annoyed with Vasovagal syncope, the doctor may recommend the following treatments:

1. Drugs

Drugs that can help prevent Vasovagal syncope include hypertension medications, antidepressants, and drugs to treat low blood pressure or asthma.

2. therapy

Your doctor may recommend a special technique to reduce the pooling of blood in the legs include leg exercises, wear elastic stockings or reduce the pressure on your leg muscles. Avoid standing for long periods, especially in hot, crowded places and drink more fluids.

3. operation

Insertion of electric pacemaker can help regulate the heart rate and reduce fainting due to Vasovagal syncope.

Source:  MayoClinic

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Tapeworm infections, disorders resulting from the spread of eggs and tapeworm larvae in the body

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Description

Tapeworm infection is caused by a person accidentally ingesting food or water that has been contaminated with tapeworm eggs or larvae.

If ingested, the tapeworm eggs can migrate to certain outside the intestine and the larvae form cysts in the tissues and organs (invasive infection). But if the tapeworm larvae are ingested, they will develop into adult tapeworms in the intestines (intestinal infection).

But tapeworm infections are usually mild, only if that happens is the larvae of invasive infection, it can cause serious complications.

Cause

- I accidentally ingesting tapeworm eggs from the food or water that has been contaminated by a person or animal feces containing tapeworm
- The larvae ingest these cysts are present in meat or muscle tissue of animals that consumed

Symptom

1. intestinal infection
- Nausea
- Limp
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Weight loss and absorption of nutrients from food are not adequate

2. invasive infections
- Fever
- A lump or cyst
- Appears allergic reaction to larval
- Susceptible bacterial infections
- Presence of neurological symptoms such as seizures

Treatment

1. intestinal infection
Drugs such as Praziquantel (Biltricide), Albendazole (Albenza) and Nitazoxanide (Alinia)

2. invasive infections
- Anthelmintic drugs
- Anti-inflammatory therapy
- Anti-epileptic therapy
- The placement of a tube into his head to drain fluid that is too much in the brain due to infection
- Operations

Source:  MayoClinic

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Thiothixene, Medication for Overcoming Schizophrenia

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Description

Thiothixene used to treat mental disorders or mood disorders, such as schizophrenia. These drugs can help a person think more clearly, feel less nervous, and quieter.

Use of these drugs may also reduce aggression and a desire to harm themselves or others. In addition, Thiothixene can help to reduce hallucinations, such as hearing or seeing things that are not there. Thiothixene is a psychiatric medication that works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances, such as dopamine in the brain.

Indication

Drug used to treat mental disorders schizophrenia.

Dose

Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually 1-3 times daily or as directed by a physician. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To reduce the risk of side effects such as drowsiness and trembling, the doctor may lead to start this medication at a low dose and gradually increase your dose.

Do not stop taking Thiothixene without consulting your doctor, because it may worsen the condition of severe diseases such as confusion and hallucinations. To prevent these symptoms, your doctor may reduce the dosage gradually when to stop treatment.

Tell your doctor if the condition does not get better or even more bad.

Source:  WebMD

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Peanut Allergies, Hives After Eating Peanuts

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Description

Peanut allergy usually occurs in children, but the type of allergy is the most frequent cause of acute allergy attack. For most people who experience it, exposed some nuts alone can cause the appearance of a serious reaction.

Causes

Peanut allergy occurs when a person's immune system mistakenly identifies peanuts as harmful proteins. When there is direct or indirect contact with peanuts, the immune system also release chemical compounds into the bloodstream that cause the appearance of allergic symptoms. But it is not known why some people can be affected by allergies and others do not.

Symptom

Allergic response to peanuts usually appears only a few minutes after exposure to peanuts. - Appears skin reactions such as itching, redness or swelling - itching or tingling around the mouth and throat - Digestive disorders such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting - Throat tightening - Shortness of breath or wheezing - Runny nose.

Treatment

- Avoiding peanuts and other foods containing peanuts - Antihistamines - Epinephrine autoinjector (EpiPen, Twinject) or ask your doctor epinephrine injections.

Source:  MayoClinic

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Prednisone, Medicine for Treating Disorders of the Immune System

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Description

Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, respiratory disorders, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Prednisone belongs to the class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by lowering the immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as allergic reactions and swelling.

Indication

Prednisone is a medicine to treat immune system disorders.

Dose

Take this medicine with food or milk to prevent stomach upset, as directed by your doctor. Prednisone was in the form of tablets and some liquid. If your doctor prescribes a dose per day, take this medicine in the morning before 9. Dose and duration of treatment is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. Do not stop treatment suddenly without your doctor's approval, as it may cause withdrawal symptoms such as weakness, weight loss, nausea, muscle pain, headache, fatigue, and dizziness. To prevent withdrawal symptoms, your doctor may reduce the dose gradually. Report to your doctor if your condition does not get better or even worse.

source:  WebMD

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Nicotine Dependence, Factors That Encourage Smokers Difficult Repentance

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Description

Nicotine dependence or addiction to tobacco dependence is a condition of the products made ​​from tobacco due to the influence of nicotine. In other words, patients with nicotine dependence can not stop using products made from nicotine even though it was dangerous. Because nicotine produces effects that make sufferers feel has a nice mood in the brain, although only temporarily. The problem is the effect of encouraging someone to continue to consume tobacco and the resulting dependence on him. At the same time, stop consuming tobacco actually cause withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety.

Cause

Course of nicotine dependence is caused by a chemical called nicotine which encourage users to continue to smoke because it is addictive. In addition, nicotine can increase the release of brain chemical compounds called neurotransmitters and regulates mood and behavior. One is dopamine, which makes a person feel comfort or pleasure which is also part of the process of addiction. This dependence is also caused by smoking behavior has become habitual one. Usually smoked most often done when: - Certain times like when drinking coffee in the morning or work breaks - After eating - In certain places or certain group of friends - Talking on the phone - Feeling depressed or sad - Smelling burning cigarette - driving a car.

Symptom

- I can not stop smoking - Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit smoking such strong cravings, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, depression, frustration, often feel hungry, insomnia and constipation or diarrhea - Fixed smoke despite emerging cardiac or pulmonary disorders lung - Reluctant social activities just to smoke.

Treatment

- Stop smoking - Medications such as anti-nicotine Bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin), varenicline (Chantix), nortriptyline (Pamelor) or Clonidine (Catapres) - nicotine replacement therapy such as nicotine patches (NicoDerm CQ, Habitrol), nicotine gum (Nicorette ), nicotine lozenge (Commit, Nicorette mini lozenge), nicotine nasal spray (Nicotrol NS), nicotine inhaler (Nicotrol) - Voluntary counseling and programs to quit smoking addiction.

source:  MayoClinic

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